The Forgotten German-Born Engineer Behind India’s National Emblem

India's national emblem, the Lion Capital of Ashoka, holds significant historical and cultural importance. But have you ever wondered who was responsible for unearthing this symbol? OscarOrtel, a German-born engineer, played a crucial role in discovering the Lion Capital of Ashoka in Sarnath, India. Let's delve into the story of this forgotten hero and his remarkable contribution to Indian history. The Symbol of India's National Identity The Lion Capital of Ashoka, which forms India's national emblem, was adopted on January 26, 1950, the day India became a republic. This symbol represents the country's rich cultural heritage and national identity. The Mauryan Connection and Jawaharlal Nehru's Vision Ashoka, the Mauryan king, had a profound impact on India's history. India's first prime minister, #JawaharlalNehru, believed that the Asokan period symbolized a time of international influence, peace, and cultural exchange. Nehru associated the national emblem with Ashoka's legacy and the values of peace and social justice. The Symbolism of the Lions The four majestic Asiatic lions depicted on the national emblem represent power, courage, pride, and confidence. According to Heritage Lab, these lions symbolize the power of a universal emperor who dedicated his resources to upholding dharma (righteousness). The adoption of this symbolism reflects India's commitment to equality and social justice. Unveiling the Ancient Secrets Oscar Ortel's excavation work in Sarnath, Uttar Pradesh, in 1904-1905 led to the discovery of the Lion Capital of Ashoka. Despite being a civil engineer and architect working under British colonial administration, Oertel's contributions to Indian art history and archaeology have been overlooked. A Man of Many Talents Born in Hannover, Germany, on December 9, 1862, #OscarOrtel left for British-ruled India at an early age. He graduated from the Thomason College of Civil Engineering (now IIT-Roorkee) and worked as an engineer for railway and building construction. He later studied architecture in Europe before returning to India. Exploring India's Rich Heritage During his time in India, Oertel was involved in various significant projects. He surveyed monuments and archaeological sites in North and Central India and even traveled to Burma (present-day Myanmar) and Sri Lanka to study and document their architectural wonders. A Monumental Discovery in Sarnath Sarnath, known for its archaeological significance, caught Oertel's attention. With permission from the Archaeological Department, he conducted excavations in Sarnath from December 1904 to April 1905. His findings included 476 sculptural and architectural remains, along with inscriptions dating back to the Mauryan Emperor Ashoka's reign. The Magnificent Lion Capital Among Oertel's discoveries, the most significant was the Lion Capital crowned on an Ashokan pillar. This pillar, one of the many commissioned by Ashoka, was used to spread the teachings of Buddha. The Lion Capital in Sarnath is one of only seven surviving Ashokan capitals. A Masterpiece Preserved Described as the finest piece of sculpture of its kind in India, the Lion Capital measures 7 feet in height. It features four lions standing back to back, a stone wheel symbolizing the sacred dharmacakra, and intricate carvings of animals such as lions, elephants, bulls, and horses. Despite its age, the Lion Capital remains remarkably well-preserved. Oertel's Legacy and Recognition Despite making such a significant discovery, Oertel could only excavate Sarnath for a single season. He was later transferred to Agra and was denied permission to continue his excavations in Sarnath. Unfortunately, his contributions to Indian art history and national identity have been largely overlooked. Remembering a Forgotten Hero It is essential to acknowledge Ortel's role in unearthing India's national emblem and his significant contribution to preserving India's cultural heritage. His work serves as a reminder of the hidden stories and unsung heroes who shape a nation's identity.