Attingal: Unearthing India's Forgotten First Open Revolt Against British Raj
The coastal town of Attingal in Kerala witnessed a significant event in India's struggle for freedom from British colonial rule. The Attingal Revolt, which took place in 1721, marked the common man's first open and organized rebellion against the unjust practices of the East India Company and the British Raj. Despite its historical significance, this revolt has remained largely forgotten. Why has this crucial chapter of Indian history been overlooked? The Background: To understand the Attingal Revolt, we must delve into the medieval kingdoms of Kozhikode, Kolathunadu, Cochin, and the Venad Royal House in Kerala. Aswathi Tirunal Umayamma Rani, the head of the Venad Royal House and the Rani of Attingal, played a pivotal role in this uprising. Known for her influence and strength, she ruled fairly and even commanded her independent army. When the British arrived in Attingal in 1680, seeking to exploit the region's spice trade, the Rani saw an opportunity to put an end to the Dutch monopoly and allowed them to build a fort in Anchuthengu. The Unintended Consequences: However, the British Company's actions soon led to the loss of livelihood for the common man in the region. They engaged in trade practices that impoverished farmers, paying them significantly less for their produce compared to the Dutch. This exploitation, coupled with the British's disdainful treatment of local religious and cultural beliefs, ignited the fury of both Hindus and Muslims. In response, they united under the leadership of Kudaman Pillai, a feudal lord from the Pillai dynasty, to stage a revolt. The First Open Rebellion: The Nairs, Ezhavas, and Muslims came together as one to resist the British presence. In a bid to stop the construction of the fort, the Rani sent troops to the site. However, the locals were ultimately defeated, allowing the British to establish a stronghold in Attingal. Following the revolt, the British intensified their oppression, disrespecting local customs, and purchasing properties near the Sarkaradevi Temple. The passing of Umayamma Rani in 1698 further fueled the protestors' determination to find an alternative means of resistance. The Ferocity of the Attingal Revolt: Recognizing the need for a change in strategy, the British sent an officer named William Gyfford to win over the new Rani with lavish gifts. Gyfford and his men sailed to Attingal, where they were received with hospitality and presented the Rani with perfumes and gold. Unbeknownst to them, the locals had planned an ambush. That night, the palace was infiltrated, and the British were mercilessly slain. The brutality of the attack left a lasting impact, symbolized by the mural along National Highway 66 in Thiruvananthapuram, which commemorates the event. The Neglected History: Despite the significance of the Attingal Revolt, it has received limited attention in history books. The British downplayed the incident to protect their international standing, while palace historians were concerned about its impact on foreign trade. The lack of written accounts and visual references has contributed to the obscurity surrounding the revolt. However, the mural serves as a reminder of the revolt's ferocity and aims to prevent its legacy from being erased over time. By shedding light on the Attingal Revolt, we honor the bravery and resilience of those who fought against injustice and oppression. It serves as a reminder that the efforts of ordinary individuals can ignite a spark of revolution that can ultimately change the course of history.
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