A groundbreaking study involving 80,000 migraine sufferers has revealed significant breakthroughs in understanding the underlying genetic pathways of this debilitating condition. The research, conducted by an international team led by deCODE Genetics in Iceland, offers hope for potential new treatments for the millions of people affected by migraines.

Migraines affect approximately one in five women, one in 16 men, and one in 11 children, with women experiencing attacks three times more frequently. The study analyzed genetic data from over 1.3 million participants, with a focus on the two main subtypes of migraines: migraine with aura and migraine without aura.

The findings shed light on specific genes that impact one subtype of migraine over the other, revealing new biological pathways that could be targeted for therapeutic development. The study identified associations with 44 variants, including 12 novel ones.

Of particular interest is the discovery of a rare variant in the KCNK5 gene, which confers significant protection against severe migraines and brain aneurysms. This finding suggests a potential common pathway between the two conditions or the misclassification of early brain aneurysms as migraines.

The study's lead researcher, Professor Kari Stefansson, highlighted the identification of rare variants and their potential as drug targets for future treatment development. The research opens up new possibilities for personalized therapies that may effectively address different types of migraines.