India has taken a significant leap forward in the world of quantum technologies as the Union Cabinet approved the National Quantum Mission (NQM). The mission, worth Rs. 6,003.65 crores, is set to run from 2023 to 2031 and aims to strengthen India's research and development in the quantum arena while indigenously building quantum-based computers.

Quantum computing works by using the nature of subatomic particles to perform calculations, with qubits instead of binary bits. By programming the initial conditions of the qubit, quantum computing can solve problems much faster than classical computing.

The NQM will focus on developing quantum computers with physical qubit capacities ranging between 50 – 1000 qubits over the next eight years. Under NQM, there will be four broad themes — Quantum Computing, Quantum Communication, Quantum Sensing and Metrology, and Quantum Material and Devices. Thematic hubs for each will be established at research institutes and R&D centers who are already working in this field of research.

Dr. Jitendra Singh, Minister (Independent charge), Department of Science and Technology (DST), said, “The National Quantum Mission will help India take a quantum leap in this area of research. It will have wide-scale applications ranging from healthcare and diagnostics, defence, energy, and data security.”

The mission will also entail the development of satellite-based secure communications between a ground station and a receiver located within 3,000kms during the first three years. For satellite-based communication within Indian cities, NQM will lay communication lines using Quantum Key Distribution over 2,000kms. For long-distance quantum communication, especially with other countries, tests will be conducted in the coming years.

India has now joined the ranks of other countries, such as the US, Canada, France, Finland, China, and Austria, who are already working on R&D in quantum technologies. With the NQM, India aims to position itself as a leader in this exciting and rapidly developing field.