India's national space program has achieved impressive feats, including the first landing on the Moon at the South Pole last year, and Prime Minister Narendra Modi this week announced the names of four Indian astronauts for the country's first manned mission in 2025. But. the private sector has not had the same success, as Indian startups have lagged in China. Modi's government last week approved rules aimed at encouraging foreign investment in rocket and satellite manufacturing. This is just the beginning, says one of Modi's top space officials. The government is finalizing comprehensive regulations for the country's growing space sector, said Pawan Goenka, president of India's National Space Promotion and Licensing Center EN-SPACo.

"Everything is defined: what can be done, existing restrictions, authorization processes, supplier policies, supply chain management, and more factors," Goenka stated in a prestigious interview session. The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) is one of the world's largest national space agencies, but the development of the private sector has been slow because the government has allowed only a few vendors and manufacturers to participate. However, in the past five years, the Modi government has made several policy changes to open up the space industry to the private sector. The overarching 150-page "standards, guidelines and procedures" document provides guidelines and safeguards for the private sector, Goenka said, for companies that want to expand into rocket manufacturing, satellite software, and other space services. The new policy promises to simplify the approval process by reducing the number of government agencies that need to sign off on projects. "The rules are being simplified to provide a one-stop shop for all companies and operators interested in space," he said. Bhatt. "The industry needs clarity in the processes of rocket production and connection to satellite services."

One company that is already taking advantage of the new opportunities is Larsen and Toubro Ltd ~


The Mumbai-based group is a partner of state-owned Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd in a consortium that won a contract to build five Polar satellite launch vehicles in 2022. , a 44-meter-tall (144-foot) rocket with a maximum payload of 1.75 tons, which has been Isro's workhorse for three decades. The first privately produced PSLV will be delivered by mid-2024. Other companies should also wait for opportunities, Goenka said. His office last year began soliciting bids from private companies to build another rocket, a small satellite launch vehicle designed by Isro to launch payloads of up to 500 kilograms (1,100 pounds).

The government also wants companies to participate in production. India's space agencies have collectively raised $5.1 billion in equity since 2020, according to New York-based venture capital firm Space Capital. One of the most popular startups, Skyroot Aerospace Pvt. Ltd., completed the first suborbital launch by an Indian private sector company in 2022, and the Hyderabad-based company is planning an orbital launch this year. Another company, Agnikul Cosmos, said it would launch its first rocket this month. While several new Chinese companies have sent rockets into orbit, no Indian launch has succeeded so far. China also has far more launches by state-owned and private companies: India has launched just 16 space flights since the start of 2020, compared to China's 226, according to Virginia-based analytics and engineering firm Bryce Space and Technology.

Isro is trying to help start-ups by alleviating initial difficulties. The agency has two launch pads at the Satish Dhawan Space Center in southern Tamil Nadu and is building a second launch complex at Kulasekarapattinam, nearly 180 kilometers from the site. the southernmost tip of the country. According to Goenka, the new location will open next year and will be designed to launch both government and commercial satellites. ''When the second launch complex is ready, we will have the ability to launch one rocket a week," he said.