Many countries are taking steps to adopt renewable sources of energy in response to the adverse effects of climate change that the world is currently facing. Solar energy is gaining popularity especially in countries that receive abundant sunlight.

Production of solar energy entails the installation of solar panels over a large area of land for maximum production. That will mean the utilization of land that could otherwise be used for agriculture. To tackle this problem, an initiative to grow plants along and under the solar panels was started which gave desirable and positive results.

Agrivoltaics Research

Greg Barron-Gafford, an associate professor in the School of Geography and Development and his students used solar photovoltaic, or PV, panels and regional vegetables to create the first agrivoltaics research site at Biosphere 2. The team closely monitored the plants such as tomatoes, peppers, kale and herbs from the stage of their germination throughout the three-month growing season. They regularly monitored incoming light levels, air temperature and relative humidity using sensors.

Exciting Results

After the study, the team found that the agrovoltaics system was very beneficial for both- plants and the panels. The shade from the PV panels cooled down the temperatures during the day and led to warmer nighttime temperatures. The team found that food crops did better in the shade as they were protected from direct sunlight. The yield was also greater than those plants that were growing in the open under the sky. Another advantage is that the water in the soil under the panels transpired at a slower place, so the plants consumed less water than usual.

When panels get heated, their efficiency comes down. Plants growing under panels helped in cooling the temperatures and increasing the efficiency of energy production.

The positive results of the above studies will encourage maximum utilization of natural resources such as land for food and energy production.