On Wednesday, February 14, Russian President Vladimir Putin stated that his nation's experts were on the verge of developing cancer vaccinations that patients might soon be able to obtain. Speaking at a seminar on future technologies in Moscow, Putin made a very astounding claim that might completely transform the medical industry. In the broadcast speech, Putin stated, "We have come very close to the creation of so-called cancer vaccines and immunomodulatory drugs of a new generation."

Putin said, "I hope that soon they will be effectively used as methods of individual therapy," but he did not say which kind of cancer the new vaccinations will specifically target. Although several nations have been attempting to create cancer vaccinations, this is the first time a head of state has made a claim this audacious. A deal was struck between the UK's Tory government and Germany's BioNTech last year to begin clinical trials offering "personalized cancer treatments" and  to enroll 10,000 patients by 2030. During mid-stage research of a cancer vaccine, US pharmaceutical giants Moderna and Merck & Co. reported that the likelihood of melanoma, the most dangerous skin cancer, reoccurring or dying was reduced by half after three years of therapy.

The development of a cancer vaccine in Russia is hardly shocking. Moscow created Sputnik V during the coronavirus epidemic, and when the whole population received the vaccination, the findings were encouraging. Putin acknowledged that he had taken Sputnik to reassure the public about its reliability and security. As a result, the vaccine was supplied to several nations worldwide.

A background on vaccinations and cancer ~

The idea of developing cancer vaccines is not wholly novel. Scientists have discovered links between some viruses and a higher chance of developing several forms of cancer over time. For instance, HPV is known to cause cervical cancer. In the 1980s, HPV and cervical cancer were initially connected. This virus is quite widespread. Approximately 80% of individuals will have HPV infection at some point in their life. Cervical cancer is not always the result of HPV infection, but it can raise the risk. The HPV vaccination is distributed as part of a national initiative. Initially, teenage females were immunized against HPV strains 16 and 18. Approximately seven out of ten instances of cervical cancer are linked to these strains. The vaccination is now available to all youngsters between the ages of 11 and 13 and protects against nine types of HPV. Up to the age of 25, there is a catch-up program available for individuals who did not receive it. A significant research conducted in 2021 revealed that vaccination significantly decreased the risk of cervical cancer. Women in their 20s who were provided the vaccination at the age of 12 or 13 had their chances of developing cervical cancer reduced by about 90%. In a similar vein, there is a 15–25% increased risk of liver cancer associated with Hepatitis B. These, however, are examples of prevention; vaccinations are used to stop a virus, which lowers the chance of cancer. Creating vaccinations to prevent cancer is a distinct process. The concept underlying these vaccinations is that cancer will be treated with them as opposed to prevented.

Where are we now, then?

Researchers encounter several obstacles in their quest to develop cancer vaccines. A few have already been conquered. We already know how to target tumors because of the identification of antigens unique to distinct tumor types. However, certain obstacles are inescapable, such as the length of time required for vaccination trials and the requirement to create customized vaccines to target various tumor types. On the other hand, recent advancements in cancer vaccinations have been noteworthy. The standard vaccination timeframe has been accelerated and enhanced by the use of mRNA. And with more vaccinations, studies, and volunteers, this new alliance will hasten the progress even more. Cancer vaccinations were science fiction only a few decades ago. Now they’re becoming a reality!